The
terra cotta warriors were accidentally discovered by Chinese peasants
while digging a well. With government approval, an archaeological
team from Shaanxi Province arrived at the site on July 17,1974 and
began their explorations.The State Council authorized to build a museum
on site in 1975. When completed, people from far and near came to
visit. In the last 20 years£¬the Museum of Qin Terra Cotta Warriors
and Horses has developed and become the largest on-site museum in
China.
The museum covers an area of 16,300 22,780square meters and there
are three pits at the museum. they were Pit1, 2 and 3 respectively
in order of discovery.
Pit
1 Pit
1 was excavated in 1974. Although much of the site had been looted
soon after it was built, archaeologists discovered 6,000 pottery figures.The
Pit 1 is in an oblong shape, 230 metres long from east to west, 62
metres wide from north to south and 5 metres deep, covering an area
of 114,260 square metres.The warriors and horses of terra cotta in
Pit 1 were arranged in precision battle formation. Each soldier was
baked in a kiln. In the long corridor to the east end of the pit stand
facing east three rows of terra-cotta warriors in battle tunics and
puttees, 70 in each, totaling 210 altogether. On the south, north
and west of the corridor, three rows of terra-cotta warriors with
their heads facing outward. These warriors were dressed and ready
for battle. They carried spears and various other combat weapons.The
task of the three rows of soldiers is to guard against enemy attacks
and outflanking. In the 11 tunnels separated by 10 partitions, there
are 38 rows of troops facing east, with chariots in each of the rows.
The warriors, armor-clad, holding long-shaft weapons are probably
the main body of the formation and represent the principal force.All
together, there are 27 test pits, 6000 unearthed terra-cotta warriors
in pit 1, most of them were infantrymen.
The
south of Pit 1 is a circle vision hall. The movie inside lasts 20
minutes and provides vivid materials for telling the story of Emperor
Qin and his Terra-cotta Army 2,200 years ago.
Pit
2
Pit 2, found in 1976, is 20 meters northeast of Pit 1. This pit contains
1,400 warriors with horses. It is 64,000 square feet in area. Pit
2 started to be excavated in March 1994 and was opened in October
the same while it was being excavated. This pit contains sixty-four
chariots. The battle formation was square. It consists of four different
mixed military forces, namely, infantry, cavalry, archers and charioteers.
The four forces can be rearranged into one array of troops or four
individual small arrays, which either serve as attacking or protecting
themselves in a quick response. The facial expressions of the men
in this pit are also very different from those men in the first pit.
There are multiple exhibition halls to the east of Pit 2, covering
a series of exhibits, such as two sets of bronze chariots and horses,
the new findings from the Emperor Qin's Mausoleum, the history of
the Museum and all kinds of temporary exhibits. These displays systematically
depict the history of the Qin Dynasty from 221 BC-206 BC.
Pit 3
Pit No.3 is located 25 metres to the north of Pit No.1 and to the
west of Pit No.2. Pit 3 was opened in 1989. The plane of the pit is
of concave shape totaling about 520 square metres. This room is thought
to be a group of special commanders.The weapons held by the warriors
in Pit 3 were only discovered one kind of weapon called "shu",
which had no blades and are believed to be used by the guards of honor.
The
halls on the northwest of Pit 3, Which covers 4,282 square meters,
are the multiple service halls where the visitors can have meal, do
shopping and take a rest.
........................................................
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Pit
1 was excavated in 1974. Although much of the site had been looted
soon after it was built, archaeologists discovered 6,000 pottery figures.The
Pit 1 is in an oblong shape, 230 metres long from east to west, 62
metres wide from north to south and 5 metres deep, covering an area
of 114,260 square metres.The warriors and horses of terra cotta in
Pit 1 were arranged in precision battle formation. Each soldier was
baked in a kiln. In the long corridor to the east end of the pit stand
facing east three rows of terra-cotta warriors in battle tunics and
puttees, 70 in each, totaling 210 altogether. On the south, north
and west of the corridor, three rows of terra-cotta warriors with
their heads facing outward. These warriors were dressed and ready
for battle. They carried spears and various other combat weapons.The
task of the three rows of soldiers is to guard against enemy attacks
and outflanking. In the 11 tunnels separated by 10 partitions, there
are 38 rows of troops facing east, with chariots in each of the rows.
The warriors, armor-clad, holding long-shaft weapons are probably
the main body of the formation and represent the principal force.All
together, there are 27 test pits, 6000 unearthed terra-cotta warriors
in pit 1, most of them were infantrymen.
Pit 3